The Landscape of Glucose-Lowering Therapy and Cardiovascular Outcomes: From Barren Land to Metropolis
نویسندگان
چکیده
The choice of glucose-lowering therapy (GLT) has expanded to include 11 different classes in addition to insulin. Since the 2008 Food and Drug Administration guidance for industry and mandate of demonstrating cardiovascular (CV) safety prior to any new drug approval, there were several trials primarily conducted to establish that goal. Some had neutral effects, while there were positively beneficial outcomes with more recent studies. Hospitalization for congestive heart failure has also been a heterogeneous finding among the different classes of GLT, with drug outcomes ranging from risky to beneficial. The current review selectively focuses on the evidence for CV outcomes for each class of GLT and summarizes the existing guidelines with regard to these drugs in heart disease. Moreover, it illustrates the dynamic status in the development of evidence. Finally, the review enables healthcare providers to formulate a plan for hypoglycemic therapy which will optimize CV health, in a patient-centered manner.
منابع مشابه
بررسی تغییرات پوشش اراضی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری با استفاده از متریکهای سیمای سرزمین (2015-1994)
Due to the importance of accessibility to updated and timely information regarding land cover changes, it is necessary for researchers and managers to assess such provincial level changes to help the planning process and prevent the damages caused in various regions. To this end, the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province land cover changes from 2015-1994 were developed in six main classes using th...
متن کاملMicroclimate land surface temperatures across urban land use/ land cover forms
Urbanization brings biophysical changes in the composition of the landscape. Such change has an impact on the thermal environment locally. The urban mosaic of land use and land cover is thus characteristically composed of local climate zones. The spatial variation in the land surface temperature across specific zone is studied for Bhopal city. The objective of the study was to understand how th...
متن کاملThe Landscape as a Unit for Rangeland Inventory in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Iran
Severe range degradation was critically extended in many region of Iran and caused many rangelands were restricted and interwoven with croplands in a complex system. Therefore, rangeland planning and inventory as an isolated activity has become almost impossible. Current landscape planning involves contributions of different social organizations often with different interests and with different...
متن کاملApplication of Artificial Neural Network in Landscape Change Process in Gharesou Watershed, Golestan Province
Land use change is certainly the most important factor that affects the conservation of natural ecosystems, resulting the conversion of natural lands such as forests and pastures into agricultural, industrial and urban areas. Despite numerous studies investigating landscape patterns due to land use change, the driving forces of landscape change has been less studied in Iran. In this study, Arti...
متن کاملA Survey of Landscape Metrics and Land-use/land-cover Structures on Urban Heat Islands Surface: A Case Study on Urmia City, Iran
Urbanization is developing unprecedentedly on a global scale. One of the chief repercussions of urbanization, caused by man-made alterations in land-use/land-cover (LULC), is the formation of urban heat islands. Albeit, differences among landscape structures and its accompanied effects on the environment are mostly neglected. Accordingly, the main objective of this study is to survey the variou...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
دوره 2017 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2017